Wireless sensor networks deployed in a mesh configuration can be among the most secure networks available—equivalent to a wired system. The channel-hopping protocol of WSNs has proven an efficient means of coordinating node communications: It has been demonstrated that thousands of devices can operate in the same radio space without affecting endto- end reliability.  All measurement and control traffic in the network is protected by end-to-end encryption, message integrity checking, and authentication as well as procedures for devices joining the WSN, key establishment, and key exchange.

The security features provide:

• Confidentiality: End-to-end data encryption using 128-bit AES encryption algorithm is employed in the packets to prevent sensitive data from being intercepted.
• Data integrity: Data transmitted within the packets is protected by message integrity codes to ensure that it has not been tampered with and that it originated from a known source.
• Replay protection: Replay attacks are prevented on both the link layer and the network layer by using nonrepeating replay counters.
• Denial-of-service (DoS) protection: DoS attacks are mitigated with a combination of all of the above. In addition, the slotted channel hopping protocol diminishes the risks of a DoS attack by using the entire radio space.
• Access control: The source address of a WSN packet is verified with a secure key to prevent device spoofing.
• Compartmental security: Loss of any one piece of data does not compromise the entire network.